Critical Heat Flux by Zuber Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4))
qMax = ((0.149*Lv*ρv)* (((σ*[g])*(ρL-ρv))/ (ρv^2))^(1/4))
This formula uses 1 Constants, 5 Variables
Constants Used
[g] - Gravitational acceleration on Earth Value Taken As 9.80665
Variables Used
Critical Heat Flux - (Measured in Watt per Square Meter) - Critical Heat Flux describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating,thus causing localised overheating of the heating surface.
Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid - (Measured in Joule Per Mole) - Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.
Density of Vapor - (Measured in Kilogram per Cubic Meter) - The Density of Vapor is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance.
Surface Tension - (Measured in Newton per Meter) - Surface tension is a word that is linked to the liquid surface. It is a physical property of liquids, in which the molecules are drawn onto every side.
Density of Liquid - (Measured in Kilogram per Cubic Meter) - The density of Liquid is the mass of a unit volume of liquid.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid: 19 Joule Per Mole --> 19 Joule Per Mole No Conversion Required
Density of Vapor: 0.5 Kilogram per Cubic Meter --> 0.5 Kilogram per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Surface Tension: 72.75 Newton per Meter --> 72.75 Newton per Meter No Conversion Required
Density of Liquid: 1000 Kilogram per Cubic Meter --> 1000 Kilogram per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
qMax = ((0.149*Lvv)* (((σ*[g])*(ρLv))/ (ρv^2))^(1/4)) --> ((0.149*19*0.5)* (((72.75*[g])*(1000-0.5))/ (0.5^2))^(1/4))
Evaluating ... ...
qMax = 58.1713294713482
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
58.1713294713482 Watt per Square Meter --> No Conversion Required
FINAL ANSWER
58.1713294713482 58.17133 Watt per Square Meter <-- Critical Heat Flux
(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

Credits

Created by Ayush gupta
University School of Chemical Technology-USCT (GGSIPU), New Delhi
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16 Important Formulas of Condensation Number, Average Heat Transfer Coefficient and Heat Flux Calculators

Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensation Inside Horizontal Tubes for Low Vapor Velocity
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = 0.555*((Density of Liquid Film* (Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]*Corrected Latent Heat of Vaporization* (Thermal Conductivity of Film Condensate^3))/(Length of Plate*Diameter of Tube* (Saturation Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature)))^(0.25)
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Laminar Film Condensation on Outside of Sphere
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = 0.815*((Density of Liquid Film* (Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization* (Thermal Conductivity of Film Condensate^3))/(Diameter of Sphere*Viscosity of Film* (Saturation Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature)))^(0.25)
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Laminar Film Condensation of Tube
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = 0.725*((Density of Liquid Film* (Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization* (Thermal Conductivity of Film Condensate^3))/(Diameter of Tube*Viscosity of Film* (Saturation Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature)))^(0.25)
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Vapor Condensing on Plate
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = 0.943*((Density of Liquid Film* (Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization* (Thermal Conductivity of Film Condensate^3))/(Length of Plate*Viscosity of Film* (Saturation Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature)))^(0.25)
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Film Condensation on Plate for Wavy Laminar Flow
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = 1.13*((Density of Liquid Film* (Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization* (Thermal Conductivity of Film Condensate^3))/(Length of Plate*Viscosity of Film* (Saturation Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature)))^(0.25)
Condensation Number given Reynolds Number
Go Condensation Number = ((Constant for Condensation Number)^(4/3))* (((4*sin(Inclination Angle)*((Cross Sectional Area of Flow/Wetted Perimeter)))/(Length of Plate))^(1/3))* ((Reynolds Number of Film)^(-1/3))
Condensation Number
Go Condensation Number = (Average Heat Transfer Coefficient)* ((((Viscosity of Film)^2)/((Thermal Conductivity^3)*(Density of Liquid Film)*(Density of Liquid Film-Density of Vapor)*[g]))^(1/3))
Critical Heat Flux by Zuber
Go Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4))
Average Heat Transfer Coefficient given Reynolds Number and Properties at Film Temperature
Go Average Heat Transfer Coefficient = (0.026*(Prandtl Number at Film Temperature^(1/3))*(Reynolds Number for Mixing^(0.8))*(Thermal Conductivity at Film Temperature))/Diameter of Tube
Heat Transfer Rate for Condensation of Superheated Vapors
Go Heat Transfer = Average Heat Transfer Coefficient*Area of Plate*(Saturation Temperature for Superheated Vapor-Plate Surface Temperature)
Correlation for Heat Flux proposed by Mostinski
Go Heat Transfer Coefficient For Nucleate Boiling = 0.00341*(Critical Pressure^2.3)*(Excess Temperature in Nucleate Boiling^2.33)*(Reduced Pressure^0.566)
Heat Flux in Fully Developed Boiling State for Higher Pressures
Go Rate of Heat Transfer = 283.2*Area*((Excess Temperature)^(3))*((Pressure)^(4/3))
Heat Flux in Fully Developed Boiling State for Pressure upto 0.7 Megapascal
Go Rate of Heat Transfer = 2.253*Area*((Excess Temperature)^(3.96))
Condensation Number when Turbulence is Encountered in Film
Go Condensation Number = 0.0077*((Reynolds Number of Film)^(0.4))
Condensation Number for Horizontal Cylinder
Go Condensation Number = 1.514*((Reynolds Number of Film)^(-1/3))
Condensation Number for Vertical Plate
Go Condensation Number = 1.47*((Reynolds Number of Film)^(-1/3))

14 Boiling Calculators

Radius of Vapour Bubble in Mechanical Equilibrium in Superheated Liquid
Go Radius of Vapor Bubble = (2*Surface Tension*[R]*(Saturation Temperature^2))/(Pressure of Superheated Liquid*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*(Temperature of Superheated Liquid-Saturation Temperature))
Critical Heat Flux by Zuber
Go Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4))
Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient
Go Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient = (([Stefan-BoltZ]*Emissivity*(((Plate Surface Temperature)^4)-((Saturation Temperature)^4)))/(Plate Surface Temperature-Saturation Temperature))
Total Heat Transfer Coefficient
Go Total Heat Transfer Coefficient = Heat Transfer Coefficient in Film Boiling Region* ((Heat Transfer Coefficient in Film Boiling Region/Heat Transfer Coefficient)^(1/3))+Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient
Modified Heat of Vaporization
Go Modified Heat of Vaporization = (Latent Heat of Vaporization+(Specific Heat of Water Vapor)*((Plate Surface Temperature-Saturation Temperature)/2))
Modified Heat Transfer Coefficient under Influence of Pressure
Go Heat Transfer Coefficient at Some Pressure P = (Heat Transfer Coefficient at Atmospheric Pressure)*((System Pressure/Standard Atmospheric Pressure)^(0.4))
Correlation for Heat Flux proposed by Mostinski
Go Heat Transfer Coefficient For Nucleate Boiling = 0.00341*(Critical Pressure^2.3)*(Excess Temperature in Nucleate Boiling^2.33)*(Reduced Pressure^0.566)
Heat Transfer Coefficient for Forced Convection Local Boiling Inside Vertical Tubes
Go Heat Transfer Coefficient for Forced Convection = (2.54*((Excess Temperature)^3)*exp((System Pressure in Vertical Tubes)/1.551))
Heat Flux in Fully Developed Boiling State for Higher Pressures
Go Rate of Heat Transfer = 283.2*Area*((Excess Temperature)^(3))*((Pressure)^(4/3))
Heat Transfer Coefficient given Biot Number
Go Heat Transfer Coefficient = (Biot Number*Thermal Conductivity)/Thickness of Wall
Saturated Temperature given Excess Temperature
Go Saturation Temperature = Surface Temperature-Excess Temperature in Heat Transfer
Surface Temperature given Excess Temperature
Go Surface Temperature = Saturation Temperature+Excess Temperature in Heat Transfer
Excess Temperature in Boiling
Go Excess Temperature in Heat Transfer = Surface Temperature-Saturation Temperature
Heat Flux in Fully Developed Boiling State for Pressure upto 0.7 Megapascal
Go Rate of Heat Transfer = 2.253*Area*((Excess Temperature)^(3.96))

Critical Heat Flux by Zuber Formula

Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4))
qMax = ((0.149*Lv*ρv)* (((σ*[g])*(ρL-ρv))/ (ρv^2))^(1/4))

What is Heat Transfer?

Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.

Define Thermal Conductivity & Factors affecting it?

Thermal conductivity is defined as the ability of a substance to conduct heat. Factors Affecting The Thermal Conductivity are: Moisture, Density of material, Pressure, Temperature & Structure of material.

How to Calculate Critical Heat Flux by Zuber?

Critical Heat Flux by Zuber calculator uses Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4)) to calculate the Critical Heat Flux, The Critical Heat Flux by Zuber formula describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating (such as bubbles forming on a metal surface used to heat water), which suddenly decreases the efficiency of heat transfer, thus causing localized overheating of the heating surface. Critical Heat Flux is denoted by qMax symbol.

How to calculate Critical Heat Flux by Zuber using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Critical Heat Flux by Zuber, enter Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid (Lv), Density of Vapor v), Surface Tension (σ) & Density of Liquid L) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Critical Heat Flux by Zuber calculation can be explained with given input values -> 58.17133 = ((0.149*19*0.5)* (((72.75*[g])*(1000-0.5))/ (0.5^2))^(1/4)) .

FAQ

What is Critical Heat Flux by Zuber?
The Critical Heat Flux by Zuber formula describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating (such as bubbles forming on a metal surface used to heat water), which suddenly decreases the efficiency of heat transfer, thus causing localized overheating of the heating surface and is represented as qMax = ((0.149*Lvv)* (((σ*[g])*(ρLv))/ (ρv^2))^(1/4)) or Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4)). Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas, The Density of Vapor is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance, Surface tension is a word that is linked to the liquid surface. It is a physical property of liquids, in which the molecules are drawn onto every side & The density of Liquid is the mass of a unit volume of liquid.
How to calculate Critical Heat Flux by Zuber?
The Critical Heat Flux by Zuber formula describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating (such as bubbles forming on a metal surface used to heat water), which suddenly decreases the efficiency of heat transfer, thus causing localized overheating of the heating surface is calculated using Critical Heat Flux = ((0.149*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*Density of Vapor)* (((Surface Tension*[g])*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor))/ (Density of Vapor^2))^(1/4)). To calculate Critical Heat Flux by Zuber, you need Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid (Lv), Density of Vapor v), Surface Tension (σ) & Density of Liquid L). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid, Density of Vapor, Surface Tension & Density of Liquid and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
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