## Film Thickness in Film Condensation Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25)
δ = ((4*μf*k*x*(TSat-Tw))/([g]*hfg*(ρL)*(ρL-ρv)))^(0.25)
This formula uses 1 Constants, 9 Variables
Constants Used
[g] - Gravitational acceleration on Earth Value Taken As 9.80665 Meter/Second²
Variables Used
Film Thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Film Thickness is the thickness between the wall or the phase boundary or the interface to the other end of the film.
Viscosity of Film - (Measured in Pascal Second) - Viscosity of Film is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.
Thermal Conductivity - (Measured in Watt per Meter per K) - Thermal Conductivity is rate of heat passes through specified material, expressed as amount of heat flows per unit time through a unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance.
Height of Film - (Measured in Meter) - Height of Film is defined as the distance upto which the height of film is considered.
Saturated Temperature - (Measured in Kelvin) - Saturated temperature is the temperature at which a given liquid and its vapour or a given solid and its vapour can co-exist in equilibrium, at a given pressure.
Plate Surface Temperature - (Measured in Kelvin) - Plate Surface Temperature is the temperature at the surface of the plate.
Latent Heat of Vaporization - (Measured in Joule per Kilogram) - Latent Heat of Vaporization is defined as the heat required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure.
Density of Liquid - (Measured in Kilogram per Cubic Meter) - The density of Liquid is the mass of a unit volume of liquid.
Density of Vapor - (Measured in Kilogram per Cubic Meter) - The Density of Vapor is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Viscosity of Film: 0.029 Newton Second per Square Meter --> 0.029 Pascal Second (Check conversion here)
Thermal Conductivity: 10.18 Watt per Meter per K --> 10.18 Watt per Meter per K No Conversion Required
Height of Film: 0.06 Meter --> 0.06 Meter No Conversion Required
Saturated Temperature: 373 Kelvin --> 373 Kelvin No Conversion Required
Plate Surface Temperature: 82 Kelvin --> 82 Kelvin No Conversion Required
Latent Heat of Vaporization: 2260000 Joule per Kilogram --> 2260000 Joule per Kilogram No Conversion Required
Density of Liquid: 1000 Kilogram per Cubic Meter --> 1000 Kilogram per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
Density of Vapor: 0.5 Kilogram per Cubic Meter --> 0.5 Kilogram per Cubic Meter No Conversion Required
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
δ = ((4*μf*k*x*(TSat-Tw))/([g]*hfg*(ρL)*(ρLv)))^(0.25) --> ((4*0.029*10.18*0.06*(373-82))/([g]*2260000*(1000)*(1000-0.5)))^(0.25)
Evaluating ... ...
δ = 0.000982221697023871
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
0.000982221697023871 Meter --> No Conversion Required
0.000982221697023871 Meter <-- Film Thickness
(Calculation completed in 00.049 seconds)
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## < 10+ Boiling and Condensation Formulas Calculators

Film Thickness in Film Condensation

## Film Thickness in Film Condensation

Formula
"δ" = ((4*"μ"_{"f"}*"k"*"x"*("T"_{"Sat"}-"T"_{"w"}))/("[g]"*"h"_{"fg"}*("ρ"_{"L"})*("ρ"_{"L"}-"ρ"_{"v"})))^(0.25)

Example
"0.000982m"=((4*"0.029N*s/m²"*"10.18W/(m*K)"*"0.06m"*("373K"-"82K"))/("[g]"*"2260000J/kg"*("1000kg/m³")*("1000kg/m³"-"0.5kg/m³")))^(0.25)

Calculator
LaTeX
Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25)
Radius of Vapour Bubble in Mechanical Equilibrium in Superheated Liquid

## Radius of Vapour Bubble in Mechanical Equilibrium in Superheated Liquid

Formula
"r" = (2*"σ"*"[R]"*("T"_{"Sat"}^2))/("P"_{"l"}*"L"_{"v"}*("T"_{"l"}-"T"_{"Sat"}))

Example
"-0.476265m"=(2*"72.75N/m"*"[R]"*("373K"^2))/("200000Pa"*"19J/mol"*("280K"-"373K"))

Calculator
LaTeX
Radius of Vapor Bubble = (2*Surface Tension*[R]*(Saturated Temperature^2))/(Pressure of Superheated Liquid*Enthalpy of Vaporization of Liquid*(Temperature of Superheated Liquid-Saturated Temperature))
Reynolds Number using Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensate Film

## Reynolds Number using Average Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensate Film

Formula
"Re"_{"f"} = ((4*"h ̅"*"L"* ("T"_{"Sat"}-"T"_{"w"}))/ ("h"_{"fg"}*"μ"_{"f"}))

Example
"0.399603"=((4*"450W/m²*K"*"0.05m"* ("373K"-"82K"))/ ("2260000J/kg"*"0.029N*s/m²"))

Calculator
LaTeX
Reynolds Number of Film = ((4*Average Heat Transfer Coefficient*Length of Plate* (Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/ (Latent Heat of Vaporization*Viscosity of Film))

Formula
"h"_{"r"} = (("[Stefan-BoltZ]"*"ε"*((("T"_{"w"})^4)-(("T"_{"Sat"})^4)))/("T"_{"w"}-"T"_{"Sat"}))

Example
"3.574881W/m²*K"=(("[Stefan-BoltZ]"*"0.95"*((("82K")^4)-(("373K")^4)))/("82K"-"373K"))

Calculator
LaTeX
Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient = (([Stefan-BoltZ]*Emissivity*(((Plate Surface Temperature)^4)-((Saturated Temperature)^4)))/(Plate Surface Temperature-Saturated Temperature))
Total Heat Transfer Coefficient

## Total Heat Transfer Coefficient

Formula
"h"_{"T"} = "h"_{"b"}* (("h"_{"b"}/"h")^(1/3))+"h"_{"r"}

Example
"6129.3W/m²*K"="921W/m²*K"* (("921W/m²*K"/"5W/m²*K")^(1/3))+"889W/m²*K"

Calculator
LaTeX
Total Heat Transfer Coefficient = Heat Transfer Coefficient in Film Boiling Region* ((Heat Transfer Coefficient in Film Boiling Region/Heat Transfer Coefficient)^(1/3))+Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient
Mass Flow of Condensate through any X Position of Film

## Mass Flow of Condensate through any X Position of Film

Formula
"ṁ" = "ρ"_{"L"}*("ρ"_{"L"}-"ρ"_{"v"})*"[g]"*("δ"^3)/(3*"μ"_{"f"})

Example
"14.08297kg/s"="1000kg/m³"*("1000kg/m³"-"0.5kg/m³")*"[g]"*("0.005m"^3)/(3*"0.029N*s/m²")

Calculator
LaTeX
Mass Flow Rate = Density of Liquid*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)*[g]*(Film Thickness^3)/(3*Viscosity of Film)
Modified Heat of Vaporization

## Modified Heat of Vaporization

Formula
"λ" = ("h"_{"fg"}+("c"_{"pv"})*(("T"_{"w"}-"T"_{"Sat"})/2))

Example
"2.3E^6J/kg"=("2260000J/kg"+("23.5J/(kg*K)")*(("82K"-"373K")/2))

Calculator
LaTeX
Modified Heat of Vaporization = (Latent Heat of Vaporization+(Specific Heat of Water Vapour)*((Plate Surface Temperature-Saturated Temperature)/2))
Energy Balance for Non-linear Temperature Profile in Film

## Energy Balance for Non-linear Temperature Profile in Film

Formula
"h'"_{"fg"} = ("h"_{"fg"}+0.68*"c"*("T"_{"Sat"}-"T"_{"w"}))

Example
"2.3E^6J/kg"=("2260000J/kg"+0.68*"4.184J/(kg*K)"*("373K"-"82K"))

Calculator
LaTeX
New Latent Heat of Vaporization = (Latent Heat of Vaporization+0.68*Specific Heat Capacity*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))
Reynolds Number for Condensate Film

## Reynolds Number for Condensate Film

Formula
"Re"_{"f"} = (4*"ṁ"_{"1"})/("P"*"μ")

Example
"2666.667"=(4*"20000kg/s")/("3m"*"10N*s/m²")

Calculator
LaTeX
Reynolds Number of Film = (4*Mass Flow of Condensate)/(Wetted Perimeter*Viscosity of Fluid)
Excess Temperature in Boiling

## Excess Temperature in Boiling

Formula
"T"_{"e"} = "T"_{"Surface"}-"T"_{"Sat"}

Example
"29K"="402K"-"373K"

Calculator
LaTeX
Excess Temperature in Heat Transfer = Surface Temperature-Saturated Temperature

## Film Thickness in Film Condensation Formula

Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25)
δ = ((4*μf*k*x*(TSat-Tw))/([g]*hfg*(ρL)*(ρL-ρv)))^(0.25)

## What is Heat Transfer?

Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.

## Define Thermal Conductivity & Factors affecting it

Thermal conductivity is defined as the ability of a substance to conduct heat. Factors Affecting The Thermal Conductivity are: Moisture, Density of material, Pressure, Temperature & Structure of material.

## How to Calculate Film Thickness in Film Condensation?

Film Thickness in Film Condensation calculator uses Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25) to calculate the Film Thickness, The Film Thickness in Film Condensation formula is function of viscosity of film, thermal conductivity, height of film, saturated temp, plate surface temp, latent heat of vaporization, density of liquid, density of vapor etc. Film Thickness is denoted by δ symbol.

How to calculate Film Thickness in Film Condensation using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Film Thickness in Film Condensation, enter Viscosity of Film f), Thermal Conductivity (k), Height of Film (x), Saturated Temperature (TSat), Plate Surface Temperature (Tw), Latent Heat of Vaporization (hfg), Density of Liquid L) & Density of Vapor v) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Film Thickness in Film Condensation calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.000982 = ((4*0.029*10.18*0.06*(373-82))/([g]*2260000*(1000)*(1000-0.5)))^(0.25).

### FAQ

What is Film Thickness in Film Condensation?
The Film Thickness in Film Condensation formula is function of viscosity of film, thermal conductivity, height of film, saturated temp, plate surface temp, latent heat of vaporization, density of liquid, density of vapor etc and is represented as δ = ((4*μf*k*x*(TSat-Tw))/([g]*hfg*(ρL)*(ρL-ρv)))^(0.25) or Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25). Viscosity of Film is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate, Thermal Conductivity is rate of heat passes through specified material, expressed as amount of heat flows per unit time through a unit area with a temperature gradient of one degree per unit distance, Height of Film is defined as the distance upto which the height of film is considered, Saturated temperature is the temperature at which a given liquid and its vapour or a given solid and its vapour can co-exist in equilibrium, at a given pressure, Plate Surface Temperature is the temperature at the surface of the plate, Latent Heat of Vaporization is defined as the heat required to change one mole of liquid at its boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure, The density of Liquid is the mass of a unit volume of liquid & The Density of Vapor is the mass of a unit volume of a material substance.
How to calculate Film Thickness in Film Condensation?
The Film Thickness in Film Condensation formula is function of viscosity of film, thermal conductivity, height of film, saturated temp, plate surface temp, latent heat of vaporization, density of liquid, density of vapor etc is calculated using Film Thickness = ((4*Viscosity of Film*Thermal Conductivity*Height of Film*(Saturated Temperature-Plate Surface Temperature))/([g]*Latent Heat of Vaporization*(Density of Liquid)*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)))^(0.25). To calculate Film Thickness in Film Condensation, you need Viscosity of Film f), Thermal Conductivity (k), Height of Film (x), Saturated Temperature (TSat), Plate Surface Temperature (Tw), Latent Heat of Vaporization (hfg), Density of Liquid L) & Density of Vapor v). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Viscosity of Film, Thermal Conductivity, Height of Film, Saturated Temperature, Plate Surface Temperature, Latent Heat of Vaporization, Density of Liquid & Density of Vapor and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
How many ways are there to calculate Film Thickness?
In this formula, Film Thickness uses Viscosity of Film, Thermal Conductivity, Height of Film, Saturated Temperature, Plate Surface Temperature, Latent Heat of Vaporization, Density of Liquid & Density of Vapor. We can use 1 other way(s) to calculate the same, which is/are as follows -
• Film Thickness = ((3*Viscosity of Film*Mass Flow Rate)/(Density of Liquid*(Density of Liquid-Density of Vapor)*[g]))^(1/3)
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