Height of Layer Solution

STEP 0: Pre-Calculation Summary
Formula Used
Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1))
h = Pd/(2*sqrt((Fmuf^2/fc^2)-1))
This formula uses 1 Functions, 4 Variables
Functions Used
sqrt - A square root function is a function that takes a non-negative number as an input and returns the square root of the given input number., sqrt(Number)
Variables Used
Ionospheric Layer Height - (Measured in Meter) - Ionospheric Layer Height is defined as the height of ionospheric layer.
Skip Distance - (Measured in Meter) - Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere.
Maximum Usable Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere.
Critical Frequency - (Measured in Hertz) - Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.
STEP 1: Convert Input(s) to Base Unit
Skip Distance: 21714 Meter --> 21714 Meter No Conversion Required
Maximum Usable Frequency: 420 Hertz --> 420 Hertz No Conversion Required
Critical Frequency: 45 Hertz --> 45 Hertz No Conversion Required
STEP 2: Evaluate Formula
Substituting Input Values in Formula
h = Pd/(2*sqrt((Fmuf^2/fc^2)-1)) --> 21714/(2*sqrt((420^2/45^2)-1))
Evaluating ... ...
h = 1169.98485846282
STEP 3: Convert Result to Output's Unit
1169.98485846282 Meter --> No Conversion Required
FINAL ANSWER
1169.98485846282 1169.985 Meter <-- Ionospheric Layer Height
(Calculation completed in 00.004 seconds)

Credits

Created by Shobhit Dimri
Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Institute of Technology (BTKIT), Dwarahat
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16 Wave Propagation Calculators

Field Strength of Space Wave
Go Field Strength = (4*pi*Electric Field*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna)/(Wavelength*Antenna Distance^2)
Skin Depth or Depth of Penetration
Go Skin Depth = 1/Conductivity of Antenna*sqrt(pi*Relative Permeability*[Permeability-vacuum]*Frequency of Conductor Loop)
Phase Difference between Radio Waves
Go Phase Difference = 4*pi*Height of Receiving Antenna*Height of Transmitting Antenna/(Antenna Distance*Wavelength)
Height of Layer
Go Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1))
Maximum Usable Frequency
Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency*sqrt(1+(Skip Distance/(2*Ionospheric Layer Height) )^2)
Propagation Distance
Go Skip Distance = 2*Ionospheric Layer Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)
Line of Sight
Go Line of Sight = 3577*(sqrt(Height of Receiving Antenna)+sqrt(Height of Transmitting Antenna))
Skip Distance
Go Skip Distance = 2*Reflection Height*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency/Critical Frequency)^2-1)
Refractive Index of Ionosphere
Go Refractive Index = sqrt(1-((81*Electron Density)/Operating Frequency^2))
Maximum Usable Frequency in F-region
Go Maximum Usable Frequency = Critical Frequency/cos(Angle of Incidence)
Normal of Reflecting Plane
Go Normal of Reflecting Plane = Wavelength/cos(Theta)
Wavelength of Plane
Go Wavelength = Normal of Reflecting Plane*cos(Theta)
Parallel of Reflecting Plane
Go Parallel of Reflecting = Wavelength/sin(Theta)
Electron Density
Go Electron Density = ((1-Refractive Index^2)*Operating Frequency^2)/81
Critical Frequency of Ionosphere
Go Critical Frequency of Ionosphere = 9*sqrt(Electron Density)
Antenna Beamwidth
Go Antenna Beamwidth = (70*Wavelength)/Antenna Diameter

Height of Layer Formula

Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1))
h = Pd/(2*sqrt((Fmuf^2/fc^2)-1))

What is a good layer height for PLA?

4mm layer heights, and a part with . 1mm layer heights will take twice as long as one at . 2mm, so these factors are important to consider

How to Calculate Height of Layer?

Height of Layer calculator uses Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)) to calculate the Ionospheric Layer Height, The Height of Layer formula is defined as extends from Earth's surface to an average height to ionosphere where the wave has to propagate. Ionospheric Layer Height is denoted by h symbol.

How to calculate Height of Layer using this online calculator? To use this online calculator for Height of Layer, enter Skip Distance (Pd), Maximum Usable Frequency (Fmuf) & Critical Frequency (fc) and hit the calculate button. Here is how the Height of Layer calculation can be explained with given input values -> 1169.985 = 21714/(2*sqrt((420^2/45^2)-1)) .

FAQ

What is Height of Layer?
The Height of Layer formula is defined as extends from Earth's surface to an average height to ionosphere where the wave has to propagate and is represented as h = Pd/(2*sqrt((Fmuf^2/fc^2)-1)) or Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)). Skip distance is defined as the distance b/w transmitting antenna and a point where that wave is first received after reflection from ionosphere, Maximum Usable frequency is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points via reflection from the ionosphere & Critical frequency is the highest magnitude of frequency above which the waves penetrate the ionosphere and below which the waves are reflected back from the ionosphere.
How to calculate Height of Layer?
The Height of Layer formula is defined as extends from Earth's surface to an average height to ionosphere where the wave has to propagate is calculated using Ionospheric Layer Height = Skip Distance/(2*sqrt((Maximum Usable Frequency^2/Critical Frequency^2)-1)). To calculate Height of Layer, you need Skip Distance (Pd), Maximum Usable Frequency (Fmuf) & Critical Frequency (fc). With our tool, you need to enter the respective value for Skip Distance, Maximum Usable Frequency & Critical Frequency and hit the calculate button. You can also select the units (if any) for Input(s) and the Output as well.
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